Adam Musa Ibrahim, Jaber (2024) Biocompatible Fabrication of TMDs Nanosheets: Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Bacterial Interactions and Radiation-Induced Modification. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanosheets exhibit exceptional electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, making them attractive for various applications. However, traditional fabrication methods often employ harsh solvents and hinder control over TMDs-environment interactions. This thesis addresses these limitations by exploring biocompatible strategies for TMDs nanosheet fabrication, investigating their properties, and envisioning biocompatible applications. A somewhat novel theoretical framework, based on the extended Deriaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) model, is developed to understand the interactions between TMDs nanosheets and bacteria in biocompatible solvents. The DLVO model is a theory for simulating the interactions between two particles into a stable colloidal dispersion. In such a context these interactions are driven by the zeta potential and possible coulombic forces due to the ionic surrounding environment. Here we present a novel extension of this model to account for the interactions of TMDs nanosheets in solution with biological membranes. This extended model guides the design of TMDs for targeted antimicrobial therapies. Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is adopted as the TMDs nanosheets fabrication technique. LPE is carried on in water and another pretty novel, supposed-to-be biocompatible solvent, cyrene. Cyrene is explored as an alternative route for high-quality MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets. The impact of cyrene’s properties on nanosheet characteristics is investigated experimentally and theoretically, expanding the toolbox of biocompatible TMDs fabrication methods. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the modification of TMDs nanosheet properties using radiation within an aqueous environment. Radiation-induced changes are analyzed, and underlying mechanisms are elucidated using Monte Carlo simulations. These findings hold promise for applications such as targeted drug delivery, radiosensitization, and localized radiotherapy. This thesis lays the foundation for developing novel TMDs-based applications that prioritize safety, biocompatibility, and environmental impact. It demonstrates the potential of TMDs in biocompatible environments, opening doors for responsibly designed and effective technologies.

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