Diamanti, Renato (2024) The analysis of fault zones in volcanic and orogenic areas of the Southern Apennines. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

The PhD research focuses on studying fault zones exposed in the Campi Flegrei caldera and carbonates in the southern Apennines. Detailed field-based research across volcanic and fold-and-thrust belt regions reveals intricate fault structures and their implications for fluid flow pathways. In the Campi Flegrei area, the examined fault array results from the subsidence triggered by the historical Monte Nuovo eruption of 1538 CE. This collapse, attributed to the emptying of a magma chamber at the caldera's center and subsequent magma migration to its western side, led to the development of shallow, steeply dipping faults like those studied. In the Matese massif, Late Triassic – Early Jurassic rifting induced fault-controlled hydrothermal dolomitization, followed by Cenozoic tectonic deformation, resulting in poly-deformed fault zones. Within these poly-deformed fault zones, we highlighted that rock textures, such as particle size distribution (PSD) and porosity, along with the strength of the older fault rock units, serve as the primary controls on deformation mechanisms, including cataclasis versus compaction, and the geometry of the superposed fault array, whether it is localized or anastomosing. Moreover, micromechanical studies highlight correlations between dolomite grain size, compressive strength, and microfracture patterns. These findings hold broad significance in geological and engineering contexts, providing insights for volcanic hazard assessments, hydrothermal fluid movement evaluations, and understanding mechanical behaviour in dolostones, particularly within poly-deformed fault zones. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of fault zone structures and their role in fluid flow dynamics, as well as the relationships between dolomite texture and brittle deformation mechanisms.

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