Iacobacci, Davide (2024) Effective Field Theories: Standard Model and Beyond. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

In the quest to unravel the fundamental laws governing the universe, effective fields theories represent a pivotal tool, allowing the examination of physical phenomena by systematically eliminating non-relevant aspects of the full theory. This thesis rigorously formulates and examines the effective field theory framework, elucidating its mathematical foundations and discussing novel applications. The effective field theory framework is outlined in the introductory chapter \ref{chap:introduction}. Then, after providing a concise overview of the Standard Model in Chapter \ref{chap:first}, the thesis underscores the power and versatility of effective field theories. It shows their efficacy in addressing phenomena both within and beyond the Standard Model, emerging as an invaluable instrument for probing physics beyond the Standard Model in a model-independent manner. The first application is presented in Chapter 3, where the Wilson coefficient effective approach is employed to analyse anomalous flavour observables, paving the way to explore potential new physics models. Chapter 4 sheds light on the realm of heavy quark physics, emphasising the pivotal role of effective field theory techniques in performing higher-order calculations. The study systematically computes form factors for specific processes, showing significant progress over previous analyses. In essence, this thesis not only presents the foundational elements of the effective field theory framework but also contributes novel insights and applications. Proving to be an indispensable tool, effective theory approaches guide us toward a more profound understanding of the fundamental forces of nature ranging from microscopic to cosmological scales.

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