Padilla Suarez, Edith Guadalupe (2023) Effects of Rare Earth Elements on model aquatic organisms: approaches and scenarios for risk assessment. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are 17 elements of the periodic table that have a wide range of applications in modern technology. Their increased use has also led to higher environmental concentrations. Due to the high demand for their use, they are now considered critical elements in Europe and new emerging contaminants worldwide. The effects on living organisms are not yet fully evaluated, therefore, safe concentration limits have not been established. This work is focused on evaluating the effects of exposure of REEs to multiple organisms under different exposure scenarios. Commonly standard organisms (e.g. Daphnia magna, Raphidocelis subcapitata) and non-standard (e.g. Hydra attenuata) were evaluated under standard and non-standard conditions to further establish exposure conditions not yet evaluated. Along with the toxicological effects, the chemical speciation of REEs was also considered for some of the exposure conditions to create a link with the bioavailability. Moreover, the potential challenges related to the heavy dependence on REEs needed for technology applications, the impacts on the environment, and potential measurements for a better management are discussed.

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