Calabrese, Roberta (2023) Physics Beyond the Standard Model and Primordial Black Holes. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

Of fundamental importance to address the mysteries in cosmology and particle physics is the exploration of the frontiers of physics Beyond the Standard Model. An appealing path to undertake in this fashion is the study of Primordial Black Holes, theoretical Black Holes hypothetically formed shortly after the Big Bang as a byproduct of an array of mechanisms. Depending on their mass, Primordial Black Holes have different impacts on pivotal stages of the Universe's evolution. Thus, information regarding the (non-)existence of Primordial Black Holes may provide valuable insights into these stages. Recently, the topic has been the subject of heated debates, driven by the latest observations of gravitational waves. This thesis spotlights the sophisticated interaction between Primordial Black Holes and physics Beyond the Standard Model in several contexts. The first part of this manuscript provides a concise review of the state of the art of physics Beyond the Standard Model and Primordial Black Holes, while the second focuses on their interplay in the neutrinos, Dark Matter, and Baryogenesis scenarios. We investigate neutrino and sub-GeV Dark Matter emissions from Primordial Black Hole evaporation and show that they strictly constrain Primordial Black Hole abundance at present. Moreover, while surveying the baryon asymmetry production, we find a peculiar scenario where particle absorption into Primordial Black Holes drives the baryon asymmetry generation. Surprisingly, this scenario works without requiring baryon number violation at the Lagrangian level, violating one of Sakharov’s conditions. In the same context, we show a fundamental incompatibility between Primordial Black Holes and thermal Leptogenesis and derive compelling limits in the mixed parameter space.

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