Clemente, Claudio (2026) Development of advanced materials for smart sensing applications. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

This PhD project focused on the development of advanced materials for sensing applications, with particular attention to metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), their derivatives and hybrids, graphene-like nanomaterials, and char. MOFs are highly promising materials in this field due to their large surface area and high porosity. However, they generally exhibit poor electrical conductivity. To overcome this issue, various strategies can be employed, such as calcination or pyrolysis of the pristine material, or the creation of hybrid materials. The goal is to preserve the structural, compositional, and functional properties of the pristine MOFs while enhancing their electrical conductivity and chemical/structural stability. The synthesized materials were characterized and integrated into sensing platforms. Both MOF-derived metal oxides and graphene-like nanomaterials were employed for chemiresistive gas sensors, whereas MOF-derived carbon and char materials were mainly used for electrochemical sensors, aiming at improved sensitivity and stability. Among the different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), this thesis focused specifically on ethanol as the target gas for chemiresistive sensors, while electrochemical sensors were used for the detection of heavy metals and glucose. The developed sensors showed improvements in both sensitivity and stability, confirming the practical potential of these materials for sensing applications. These results provide a pathway to more versatile and reliable sensing platforms, opening new opportunities for environmental monitoring, pollutant detection, and the development of next-generation sensor technologies.

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