Guadagno, Anna (2024) Genetic and phenotypic approaches enhance biomass conversion: leveraging durum wheat residues for bioenergy production. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

Due to its adaptability and biomass potential, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) plays a critical role in global food security and bioenergy applications. This research investigates the genetic and phenotypic foundations of saccharification efficiency and macroelement accumulation in durum wheat biomass to improve its utility as a sustainable bioenergy feedstock. Conducted through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) complemented by detailed phenotypic analyses, this work identifies genetic loci and traits pivotal for enhancing biomass conversion processes. The study began with a comprehensive phenotypic evaluation of 193 durum wheat genotypes, analysing their cell wall composition and macroelement content across two agricultural seasons. Key traits such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content, and macroelements like potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were correlated with saccharification efficiency. The findings revealed significant genotype-dependent variations in glucose yield and macroelement effects on bio mass deconstruction. Advanced statistical methods, including polynomial regression and spline analyses, highlighted intricate genotype-by-environment interactions. Using GWAS, this research identified critical quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with saccharification potential and macroelement content. Candidate genes within these loci were annotated, revealing their roles in polysaccharide metabolism and cell wall remodeling. The functional enrichment of these genes through Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses provided insights into their regulatory and metabolic networks. Additionally, the analysis of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene family underscored their evolutionary significance and regulatory complexity, linking these genes to cell wall properties and environmental resilience. This study integrates genomic and phenotypic data to elucidate the genetic basis of traits that optimize durum wheat for bioenergy applications. By identifying key genetic markers and pathways, it offers actionable insights for breeding programs aimed at improving biomass traits without compromising crop productivity. These findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable bioenergy solutions, underscoring the potential of durum wheat as a versatile and high-performing energy crop.

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