Maione, Angela (2024) New Therapeutic Approaches to Overcome Pathogenic Biofilm Challenges. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most serious challenges to human health, contributing to millions of deaths each year. In particular, invasive fungal infections (IFDs) are becoming increasingly com-mon, especially among immunocompromised individuals, while conventional therapies are hindered by antifungal resistance and biofilm formation. This thesis explores various strategies to inhibit and eradicate pathogenic bio-films, with a particular focus on Candida albicans and non-albicans species. The results obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the effective-ness of alternative strategy such as natural compounds, bioactive metabolites and antimicrobial peptides in combating biofilm formation and eradication. Furthermore, changes in the structure, such as nanoencapsulation in liposomes, have led to an enhancement of the activities of the compounds, improving their stability, reducing cytotoxicity and improving the pharmacokinetic properties. The characterization of biofilms and the analysis of interactions between species provide important insights into the challenges posed by mixed infections. Fur-thermore, the optimization of the identified molecules opens new perspectives for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. This research underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to tackle AMR and contribute to the discovery of new effective antimicrobials, promoting the safety and efficacy of treatments against resistant fungal infections.

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