Battaglia, Gennaro (2025) Targeted mass spectrometry methods for evaluating saffron activity in retinal diseases. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

Saffron is a very precious spice that is often used as an additive for its coloring and flavoring properties and as a medicinal plant 1. Its complex molecular composition is the focal point of interest due to its numerous positive interactions in various pathologies 2,3. Currently, It is attracting much studies and researches, for its main metabolites that have been attributed several therapeutic properties and a possible neuro-protective role in retinal neurodegenerative diseases. This three-year project explored the potential of saffron as a therapeutic support in retinal diseases, utilizing advanced techniques in mass spectrometry, metabolomics, and proteomics. Saffron, derived from the stigmas of Crocus sativus L., has been historically valued for its bioactive compounds, particularly crocins, known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. In the first year, the study focused on the chemical characterization of saffron using purification methods based on mass spectrometry, NMR, and analysis according to ISO 3632 standards to identify its key bioactive components. Different mass spectrometry analytical techniques were employed for this purpose, including Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) ion mode. Additionally, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) was utilized as a purification method to isolate key bioactive components in saffron. During the second year, metabolomic and proteomic studies were conducted on animal models with retinal diseases, assessing the beneficial effects of saffron treatment. In the third year, the focus shifted to human models, where the effects of a Repron® saffron-based supplement, Zaffit, were evaluated through proteomic and metabolomic analyses. This project was carried out in collaboration with Hortus Novus, Policlinic Gemelli University of Rome, and New York University of Abu Dhabi, providing promising insights into the potential of saffron as a natural treatment for maintaining retinal health and mitigating the progression of retinal pathologies.

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