Pasquariello, Agnese (2025) A traceability-centric model-based systems engineering methodology for the integrated design of sustainable aircraft systems. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

The global aviation sector is experiencing a major shift towards sustainability, driven by the urgent need to decrease carbon emissions and adhere to strict environmental regulations. The European Union’s FLIGHTPATH initiative sets ambitious 2050 targets, including reductions in CO2 and NOx emissions and perceived noise levels. Several decarbonization strategies are required to achieve the net-zero emission goal. However, since most aviation fuels are fossil-based, the aircraft propulsion system is the main target of current research studies. The Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach is proposed as a solution for managing the design of complex systems, such as aircraft and aircraft systems. The primary outcome of using an MBSE approach is creating a single source of truth, known as the System Model of the System of Interest (SoI). This System Model comprises various views, typically represented by diagrams, each designed to depict a specific aspect of the SoI. The MBSE System Model is the repository of design intent, contrasting with domain-specific models that assist during detailed design stages. A central focus of this research is traceability, which is essential to ensure coherence and alignment across different views of the System Model. Without adequate traceability, the System Model risks becoming isolated, leading to inefficiencies and potentially costly errors if issues are identified late in the design process. To address this challenge, this thesis introduces a framework grounded in ontologies. This framework formalizes the relationships among model views and facilitates seamless integration between high-level requirements and detailed design elements. The research aims to achieve three primary objectives: (i) identify dependencies in systems engineering processes for preliminary design; (ii) integrate these dependencies into a model-based framework; (iii) validate the developed System Model per these dependencies. To address these objectives, a knowledge-based approach (KBA) is used. It is divided into three phases: knowledge acquisition, knowledge management, and reasoning. Knowledge about Systems Engineering Technical Processes is systematically organized through an ontology, which is the foundation for a SysML (System Modeling Language) meta-model. This meta-model enhances traceability and provides semantic depth to the modeling process. A case study integrating hydrogen propulsion systems into a regional aircraft validates the framework and demonstrates its scalability and applicability to other engineering domains.

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