Maka, Robert (2025) A holistic approach for future zero-emission navigation: from ship design and operation to maritime energy policy. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

The maritime sector is currently facing an urgent challenge: achieving full decarbonisation within the next decades. However, the complexity of this sector continues to hinder an effective transition. This dissertation addresses the problem through a multi-level analytical framework, structured across three interconnected scales: the ship level, the fleet level, and the ship-port interaction. The study also considers ports as decarbonisation energy hubs, recognising their pivotal role in enabling the energy transition of maritime transport. At the ship level, the research adopts a holistic approach to analyse ship behaviour, capturing the interdependence among the ship envelope, weather conditions, and onboard energy systems through dynamic simulation. This level investigates the effects of implementing new technologies and operational strategies, evaluating energy, environmental, and economic performance, as well as the potential role of policy mechanisms such as incentives or taxation schemes. At the fleet level, the analysis explores the interactions among vessels operating under diverse climatic and operational conditions, assessing how their collective behaviour influences the effectiveness of decarbonisation strategies across the fleet. Finally, at the ship - port level, the study examines the interdependence between ships and port infrastructures, focusing on solutions such as shore power connections and alternative fuel availability. By employing both physics-based and data-driven modelling approaches, this work provides a set of tools and insights that can support the optimisation of energy performance and decision-making at multiple scales. The proposed framework can be considered to guide engineers, shipowners, and policymakers, facilitating informed decisions for sustainable and cost-effective decarbonisation pathways. Overall, the dissertation highlights the importance of multi-level maritime energy system modelling in supporting the global energy transition towards a zero-emission maritime sector.

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