Cirella, Roberta (2025) Structural and functional characterization of immunomodulatory glycoconjugates provided by the gut microbiota. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

The human digestive tract represents one of the most complex and densely populated microbial ecosystems known: the gut microbiota. Composed of billions of microorganisms in dynamic equilibrium, it plays a fundamental role in achieving the health of the entire organism. My doctoral research focuses on the extraction and chemical, structural, and immunological characterization of lipopolysaccharides from commensal Gram-negative bacteria present in the gut microbiota. These LPS play a fundamental role in communication between the microbiota and the host. By studying the regulatory signals generated by these microbial components, this project explores how the gut microbiota influences not only the local environment but also distant physiological systems, regulating the immune system. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of host-microbiota immunological interactions and their impact on inflammatory responses and immune tolerance. The key finding from my research is that not all LPS have a pro-inflammatory profile. The lipopolysaccharides I analyzed, in fact, present profoundly different chemical and immunological properties compared to the canonical LPS typically associated with pathogenic bacteria, revealing themselves to be anything but harmful and outlining new perspectives on their potential immunomodulatory role.

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