Leccese, Sara (2025) From Theory to Digital Implementation: Distributed Control for Cyber-Physical Systems. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

In recent years, the rapid development of digital and communication technologies has boosted interest in Cyber-Physical Systems due to their wide applicability across several engineering domains. A major challenge in this context is designing distributed control protocols, which rely on local information and data exchanged via communication networks to achieve coordination and consensus. The inclusion of communication networks introduces critical issues such as time-varying delays, packet losses, and bandwidth constraints, which can degrade performance or threaten stability. Additionally, digital implementation of controllers creates sampling effects, zero-order-hold actuation, and potentially asynchronous updates, all of which must be addressed to ensure proper operation. To address these issues, this thesis investigates distributed control strategies based on sampled-data and event-triggered frameworks. Sampled-data control provides a rigorous approach to analyze and design digital implementations of continuous-time controllers. Event-triggered control further enhances efficiency by updating control actions and communication only when necessary, according to pre-defined performance criteria, thereby reducing unnecessary computation and network usage. The purpose of this thesis is to develop novel distributed control protocols using sampled-data and event-triggered frameworks to ensure the resilient and efficient operation of cyber-physical systems. Among the many potential applications, microgrids are chosen as the primary focus due to their intrinsic complexity, as they integrate distributed generation, energy storage, and controllable loads, all coordinated through digital communication infrastructures. Hence, this research attempts to directly bridge advanced control theory with real-world application. The protocols designed here provide implementable solutions that improve microgrid operating conditions, thus actively supporting the current green energy revolution.

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