Santoni, Andrea (2025) Mach-Zehnder atom interferometry with non-interacting trapped Bose Einstein condensates. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

Trapped atomic Mach Zehnder interferometers are important tools for the measurements of forces with high spatial resolution. My work is based on the realization of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with Bose-Einstein condensates of 39K trapped in double-well potentials (DWs). The DWs are obtained with an innovative optical potentialthat uses the superposition of three standard optical lattices with commensurate wavelengths. That allows to implement three identical DWs working simultaneously. Having more than one correlated interferometers is useful, since it's possible cancel out the effect of common sources of noise acting on the three DWs via differential analysis and realize the first trapped atom gradiometer. We have also developed a new type of analysiswhere in addition to estimate the interferometric phase it is possible to evaluate the amount of uncorrelated noise. In our system we can finely tune interactions via a broad Feshback resonance, changing the two-body scattering length from positive to negative values. This allows us to operate the interferometer without interactions and with long coherence times. We are also working on the possibility of generate number squeezed states in our system introducing repulsive interactions. Exploiting non classic states at the interferometer's input will allow us to enhance the sensitivity of our sensor beyond the standard quantum limit.

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