La Greca, Marta
(2017)
Bioimpedenziometria e valutazione dell'efficienza fisica nella sorveglianza nutrizionale in età evolutiva.
[Tesi di dottorato]
| Tipologia del documento: |
Tesi di dottorato
|
| Lingua: |
Italiano |
| Titolo: |
Bioimpedenziometria e valutazione dell'efficienza fisica nella sorveglianza nutrizionale in età evolutiva |
| Autori: |
| Autore | Email |
|---|
| La Greca, Marta | mlgrc@yahoo.it |
|
| Data: |
10 Aprile 2017 |
| Numero di pagine: |
234 |
| Istituzione: |
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II |
| Dipartimento: |
Sanità Pubblica |
| Dottorato: |
Sanità pubblica e medicina preventiva |
| Ciclo di dottorato: |
29 |
| Coordinatore del Corso di dottorato: |
| nome | email |
|---|
| Montagnani, Stefania | montagna@unina.it |
|
| Tutor: |
| nome | email |
|---|
| Scalfi, Luca | [non definito] |
|
| Data: |
10 Aprile 2017 |
| Numero di pagine: |
234 |
| Parole chiave: |
stato nutrizionale; salute; eccesso ponderale |
| Settori scientifico-disciplinari del MIUR: |
Area 05 - Scienze biologiche > BIO/09 - Fisiologia |
[error in script]
[error in script]
| Depositato il: |
20 Apr 2017 10:27 |
| Ultima modifica: |
13 Mar 2018 11:58 |
| URI: |
http://www.fedoa.unina.it/id/eprint/11833 |
| DOI: |
10.6093/UNINA/FEDOA/11833 |
Abstract
BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN ASSESSING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
ABSTRACT
Background
The evaluation of body composition and the assessment of physical fitness are both relevant issues in public health nutrition. In children/adolescents different aspects of body composition may be related to growth, health and well being, including in-creased body fat content and/or abdominal fat as well as a decreases fat-free mass, appendicular muscle mass and/or body cell mass.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a field method providing estimates of FFM by means of predictive equations which include BIA variables and frequently other variables such as age and weight. As an alternative, the use of directly-measured raw BIA variables, such as impedance ratio (IR) or phase angle (PhA) has gained attention, because these latter are thought to be related to body cell mass, ex-tracellular/intracellular water ratio and cell health.
Health related physical fitness is an important component of overall health in the first two decades of life being associated with cardiovascular risk factors, bone health, ac-ademic performance, etc. It can be evaluted by using a number of tests assessing dif-ferent aspects of physical fitness such a muscolar strenght and endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance.
To date there is a scarcity of data available in the literature regarding raw BIA varia-bles in the first two decades of life, as well as the relationships between physical fit-ness tests and body composition.
Aim
The aim of the Thesis was to evaluate:
1) the changes of raw BIA variables with time and their differences due to the gen-eral characteristics of the individual;
2) the relationships of physical fitness test with general characteristics of the individ-ual, BIA-derived estimates of body composition, and BIA variables;
3) changes in 1) and 2) due to overweight/obesity.
Subjects
In this thesis the evaluation of body composition and physical fitness was carried out in 1) general population sample: children and adolescents (n=396) recruited in two schools (Studies 1-2); 2) obese sample: overweight and obese children and adoles-cents (n=277) recruited from a outpatient clinic for obesity (Study 3).
Methods
Standard procedures were used for collecting data on the following variables:
1) stature, weight, waist circumference;
2) BIA: impedance (Z) at 5-10-50-100-250 kHz and phase angle at 50 kHz for both dominant and non-dominant body sides (whole body, upper limbs, and lower limbs);
3) Physical fitness tests: handgrip strength, standing long jump, five-long jump, chair (sit-to-stand), six-minute walk test (6MWT);
4) derived variables: BI index as stature²/Z, impedance ratios (IRs) as ratios between Z at higher frequencies (5,10 and 50 kHz) and Z at lower frequencies (5 and 10 kHz).
Results
Study 1: Consistent data on changes in BIA raw variables were obtained over the age span 6-13in the general population sample and systematically presented for either the whole body or upper and lower limbs. An increase in BI indexes and phase angle with age was apparent, while IRs declined progressively. Significant differences in BIA raw variables were observed between males and females, with some dissimilari-ties when upper and lower limbs were compared to each other.
Study 2: We identified several determinants of fitness-related tests in the subjects. In addition to gender and age, BIA-derived FFM, BI index, IRs and phase angle were all significant predictors of handgrip strenght, and less consistently of standing long jump and standing five jumps. IR and phase angle were also predictors of the 6MWT, but not of the chair test.
Study 3: Phase angle did not differ significantly between genders in over-weight/obese children and adolescents, but still remain a significant predictor, con-currently with the BI index, of HGS, standing long jump and standing five jumps. Weight and BMI-SDS were weak predictors of the 6MWT.
Conclusion
The results presented in the Thesis increase to a considerable extent the information available on row BIA data in children and adolescents, first of all with regard to changes with time and between-gender differences. Raw BIA variables (BI indexes, IRs and phase angle) emerged as significant predictors of physical fitness tests in normal-weight, but also in overweight/obese children and adolescents, the stronger relationship being the one with HGS.
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