Barretta, Luigi (2022) Study, realization and characterization of new solid state devices for particulate matter and pollutant gases for the Air quality monitoring. [Tesi di dottorato]

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The need to know, and therefore measure, the quality of the air we breathe and live in is vital, as this could affect our health conditions and certainly affects our lifestyles. Pollutant gases, resulting from natural or human processes, are potentially harmful to human health and to the surrounding ecosystem where these are released. In addition to gases dissolved in air, a source of pollution whose interpretation is still vague but certainly has a strong impact on health is that related to atmospheric particulate matter. Recent urban systems, very dynamic and frequently changing, would require a high spatial density of measurements and with sampling time congruent with the dynamics to be studied (seconds, minutes, hours). Currently, accredited instruments for air quality measurements require long sampling times, highly trained personnel, and, given their bulk and cost, are spatially distributed with low density. Major electronic device manufacturers, and in particular environmental sensor manufacturers are pushing toward miniaturization of devices so that they are portable and cost-effective, compatible with IOT scenarios. On the other hand, it is necessary to know the degree of reliability of the information generated by these devices for air quality measurement. Unfortunately, miniaturization and increasingly rapid sampling are at the expense of the precision and accuracy of measurements. The lack of regulations related to this type of devices today does not allow them to be used as an aid to official instruments to improve the definition of spatio-temporal pollution maps. The scientific literature, however, demonstrates the potential of such devices to be of assistance in nderstanding better the state of air pollution in our urban centers. In the future, these devices, in concert with official strumantazioni, will have the task of integrating report and implement other devices to contribute to the improvement of the air quality of both indoor and outdoor environments. The objective of this thesis, concerns the design the study and optimization of portable devices based on solid-state sensors capable of measuring the concertation of gases and atmospheric particulate matter in the air. The main results, which will be shown in the appropriate sections, are: The realization and use of a characterization chamber for atmospheric particulate sensors, installed in the ENEA Laboratories (partners in this thesis); The study in a controlled atmosphere of commercial devices for low-priced atmospheric particulate matter (commonly known as Low-Cost PM Sensors) and the publication in collaboration with ENEA of a review on Low-Cost PM Sensors; The characterization of innovative devices based on piezoelectric materials provided by STMicroelectronics (partner as well as funder of this thesis project) in the presence of atmospheric particulate matter.

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