Manzo, Matteo (2026) Optical and microphysical characterizations of urban atmospheric aerosol by remote sensing and in situ measurements. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

This thesis investigates the optical and microphysical properties of urban atmospheric aerosols through an integrated approach combining remote sensing and in situ measurement techniques. The study is conducted in the urban environment of Naples, a densely populated Mediterranean city characterized by strong anthropogenic emissions, complex boundary layer dynamics, and the occurrence of short-lived but intense pollution episodes. A multi-instrumental observational strategy is adopted, including active and passive remote sensing systems together with near-surface chemical and microphysical measurements. Long-term observations from the APINA campaign provide a comprehensive characterization of aerosol temporal variability and vertical structure, highlighting the limitations of surface-only measurements in capturing elevated aerosol layers and their influence on column-integrated optical properties. Special attention is devoted to extreme aerosol emission events associated with large-scale fireworks. These short-lived episodes produced sharp increases in particulate matter concentrations and distinct chemical signatures, including enhanced metallic and inorganic components, as revealed by HR-ToF-AMS measurements. Lidar observations demonstrated the rapid vertical redistribution of these emissions within the lower troposphere, linking chemical composition to optical and microphysical responses. Overall, this work demonstrates the added value of synergistic observational approaches for understanding urban aerosol processes and provides a methodological framework applicable to other urban environments.

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