Damiano, Riccardo Development of advanced optical systems for the atmospheric and environmental monitoring. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

Climate change's impacts on the Earth is one of the main reasons for the need to investigate atmospheric aerosols, which play a significant role in both environmental balance and human health. Aerosols are particles suspended in the atmosphere originating from many possible natural and anthropogenic sources. They can be complex to study due to their widely different chemical, physical, and microphysical properties. This thesis explores innovative remote sensing techniques for aerosol monitoring, with a particular focus on Lidar technology and sun-photometers. Lidars are active remote sensing instruments capable of providing high-resolution spatial-temporal data. The development of a transportable elastic-Raman Lidar system and the implementation of Single-Photon Superconducting Nanowire Detector (SNSPD) for the acquisition of infrared signals are presented in this thesis, both being important advancements for lidar technology. Long-term sun-photometer data from the Naples National Facility (2017–2023) is analysed to characterize aerosol properties, highlighting seasonality and the impact of Saharan dust transport. Furthermore, combined Lidar and sun-photometer observations are used to analyse biomass burning events, describing the differences between fresh, locally emitted particles and aged, long-range transported ones. This research, conducted within the ACTRIS framework, emphasizes the importance of innovative technologies for improving aerosol characterization, contributing to a deeper understanding of their environmental impacts and improving global monitoring networks.

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