Iacomino, Giuseppina (2025) Innovative Uses of Biochar and Wood Vinegar for Sustainable Agriculture and Crop Protection. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

This PhD thesis investigates the agricultural applications of biochar and wood vinegar, two by-products of biomass pyrolysis, aiming to enhance sustainable farming practices. The research explores their potential across diverse agricultural contexts, from pest and disease management to soil fertility improvement and horticultural applications. A comprehensive literature review (2015-2022) analyzing 61 articles and 117 case studies examined biochar's efficacy in controlling soilborne pathogens and pests, highlighting the influence of production parameters (feedstock, pyrolysis temperature) on its performance. Field experiments assessed the impact of biochar, compost, and their mixtures on soil fertility and crop yields in Mediterranean conditions, revealing variable effects depending on soil chemistry. Further studies investigated biochar's interaction with non-pyrogenic organic amendments (NPOAs), demonstrating its ability to detoxify and biostimulate plant growth through adsorption of organic compounds. Horticultural applications of biochar, including "smoked biochar" (activated with wood vinegar), were tested on ornamental plants and strawberries, showing positive effects at low concentrations. The chemical composition and biological activity of industrial wood vinegar were also analyzed, revealing its potential as a biostimulant and nematode control agent, though high concentrations induced phytotoxicity. Finally, long-term effects of biochar were studied in ancient charcoal kiln sites, demonstrating its enduring positive impact on soil properties and plant growth. This research underscores the combined potential of biochar and wood vinegar as eco-friendly tools for promoting sustainable and resilient agroecosystems.

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