Rosamilia, Massimo (2022) Antenna-Based Techniques for Modern Radars. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Multichannel radar systems must comply with very stringent operational requirements, involving adaptive detection and estimation tasks, as well as the ability to handle many tracks simultaneously without degrading search performance when operating in interference environments. An essential role is hence played by the detection of the target and its accurate localization. Therefore, this PhD Thesis deals with the development of multichannel detection and estimation algorithms for radar signal processing, presenting innovative architectures for the joint target detection and angle estimation, tailored strategies to recover performance in missing-data scenarios, as well as novel signal processing methods developed for Frequency Diverse-Array Multiple Input Multiple Output (FDA-MIMO) radars (also exploiting the polarimetric domain). After an overview of the state of the art of modern multichannel radar systems, where some relevant issues of practical interest are highlighted, the problem of joint radar target detection and angle estimation is addressed in the context of a multichannel phased array radar. Moreover, the estimation of a structured covariance matrix under the missing-data context is tackled by means of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Within the same setting, the problem of detecting a prospective target embedded in Gaussian interference with an unknown (but possibly structured) covariance matrix is studied. After that, assuming a FDA-MIMO radar operating in a background of Gaussian interference with known spectral properties, a joint target angle and incremental range estimation architecture is derived. Then, the target detection problem with a polarimetric FDA-MIMO radar is investigated. The performance analysis of the proposed architectures and the corresponding discussions are developed in terms of computational complexity and detection performance and/or estimation accuracy. Moreover, for comparison purposes, some counterparts available in the open literature as well as theoretical benchmark limits are also considered, corroborating the effectiveness of the considered strategies in some diverse simulated scenarios. Finally, the advances described in this thesis work are summarized and discussed along with emerging trends and issues to be addressed in the future.

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