Avagliano, Angelica (2020) Development and analysis of a stromal microenvironment experimental model containing proto-myofibroblasts: a new tool to study the crosstalk between stromal and melanoma cells. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Tipologia del documento: Tesi di dottorato
Lingua: English
Titolo: Development and analysis of a stromal microenvironment experimental model containing proto-myofibroblasts: a new tool to study the crosstalk between stromal and melanoma cells.
Autori:
AutoreEmail
Avagliano, Angelicaangelica.avagliano@unina.it
Data: 11 Marzo 2020
Numero di pagine: 113
Istituzione: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Dipartimento: Sanità Pubblica
Dottorato: Sanità pubblica e medicina preventiva
Ciclo di dottorato: 32
Coordinatore del Corso di dottorato:
nomeemail
Troncone, Giancarlogiancarlo.troncone@unina.it
Tutor:
nomeemail
Arcucci, Alessandro[non definito]
Data: 11 Marzo 2020
Numero di pagine: 113
Parole chiave: Fibroblasts; Melanoma; Crosstalk
Settori scientifico-disciplinari del MIUR: Area 05 - Scienze biologiche > BIO/16 - Anatomia umana
Depositato il: 23 Mar 2020 10:42
Ultima modifica: 10 Nov 2021 09:53
URI: http://www.fedoa.unina.it/id/eprint/13079

Abstract

Solid tumours are characterized by tumour microenvironment, composed of both neoplastic cells and a variety of tissue resident and recruited non-cancerous stromal cells, secreted factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, blood and lymphatic tumour vessels. The stromal compartment of tumour microenvironment, consisting also of fibroblasts, can favour or impede tumour growth and thus it has been recognized as an active and essential component of all solid tumours. Melanoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumours, composed of not only cancer cells but also the supporting stroma, which includes fibroblasts, fibroblast aggregates and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). These fibroblast compartments affect differently melanoma growth during its distinct stages. Therefore, in this work, we have in vitro developed an experimental system resembling a part of the stromal microenvironment, represented by inactivated fibroblasts, proto-myofibroblasts, myofibroblasts and aggregates of inactivated myofibroblasts, namely spheroids. We have generated from human primary cutaneous myofibroblasts, isolated from normal skin, proto-myofibroblasts, which represent the intermediate cell type during fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. In particular, we have obtained proto-myofibroblasts from myofibroblast spheroids transferred to cell culture dishes and reverted to adhesion growth after 216 h of 3D culture. Likewise cells found in vivo, the proto-myofibroblasts of our experimental system are characterized by very low levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins, a cytoskeleton structure with less developed stress fibers, and increased proliferative and migratory capabilities. The analysis of the crosstalk between A375 or A2058 melanoma cell lines and fibroblasts in different stages of activation is the remarkable novelty of this work. In particular, for the first time, our study showed the anti-tumour role exerted by proto-myofibroblasts in vitro. Furthermore, the secretome analysis of proto-myofibroblast- and melanoma cell-conditioned media suggests that the down-regulation of some cytokines and growth factors in the conditioned medium of proto-myofibroblasts could be associated with their anti-tumour activity. This study has also showed that the viability, outgrowth and migration of proto-myofibroblasts from spheroids are not influenced by melanoma cell-conditioned media. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of proto-myofibroblasts does not affect the viability of both BJ-5ta cells and myofibroblasts. In the light of this evidence, it is possible to assume that proto-myofibroblasts could be useful in the study of new therapeutic strategies targeting melanoma.

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