Anzano, Attilio (2024) Metabolomic Analysis and Biological Activity of Plants Under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract

The interest in the use of the "-omic" approach in analyzing plant tissues has shown explosive growth in recent years. In fact, metabolomic analysis is used to study plant metabolome in various fields of research, including to study plant stress. In general, it is known that plants subjected to various types of stress, both abiotic and biotic, undergo a variation in the plant metabolome. Plant metabolome is the set of all the primary and secondary metabolites found in plant tissues. Metabolomics aims at the extraction, identification, and analysis of these metabolites, and it provides a “fingerprint” of the status of the plant. By comparing the NMR spectra of two different growing conditions, general information about the metabolite changes can be carried out. The proposed project aims to determine the metabolic profile of natural and cultivated plants suffering different types of plant stress. After an Introduction reported in Chapter 1, a comprehensive review of the literature has been produced in Chapter 2 summarizing the papers published in the literature using metabolomics analysis on different plants, methods of analysis and applied stresses. Among these, drought stress is a common phenomenon due to a reduced water availability in some world areas. Drought stress consistently changes the metabolome of plants. Chapter 3 is focused on a review article of Moringa oleifera Lam., a drought-resistant plant known for its pharmacological properties. Following, chapter 4 deals with the metabolomics analysis and antimicrobial activity of the plant leaves and seeds under drought stress. Another very common stress is due to fungi attack to either natural or cultivated plants. Chapter 5 reports a field study on lettuce, Lactuca sativa L. heavily infested by Fusarium oxysporum lactucae (FOL). The effect of foliar fertilization treatments on metabolome were analyzed. Fertilization was based on the use of i) a commercial organic fermented plant material substrate named compost tea; ii) Arthrospira platensis named Spirulina; iii) A. platensis previously exposed to a natural uptake of FOL DNA to test the idea of self-DNA inhibition as proposed recently. Metabolomics studies were performed by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by chemometrics to determine the metabolite profiles of the studied plants.

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