PETRARETTI, Mariagioia (2021) Eco-physiological and structural strategies of microbial biofilm: their evolutionary implications and roles in biodeterioration. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Item Type:	Tesi di dottorato
Resource language:	English
Title:	Eco-physiological and structural strategies of microbial biofilm: their evolutionary implications and roles in biodeterioration
Creators:	Creators Email PETRARETTI, Mariagioia mariagioia.petraretti@unina.it
Date:	2021
Number of Pages:	175
Institution:	Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Department:	Biologia
Dottorato:	Biologia
Ciclo di dottorato:	34
Coordinatore del Corso di dottorato:	nome email Esposito, Sergio sergio.esposito@unina.it
Tutor:	nome email Pollio, Antonino UNSPECIFIED
Date:	2021
Number of Pages:	175
Keywords:	Biofilms, biodeterioration, fungi, eco friendly compounds, cultural heritage
Settori scientifico-disciplinari del MIUR:	Area 05 - Scienze biologiche > BIO/01 - Botanica generale
Date Deposited:	03 Jan 2022 14:01
Last Modified:	28 Feb 2024 11:33
URI:	http://www.fedoa.unina.it/id/eprint/14352

Collection description

Stone worldwide artworks represents cultural heritage as precious as fragile. Sculptures, buildings materials, statues, caves, mosaics, catacombs, archeological remains are elements that make stone unique works of art but exposed to microbial colonisation that can lead to slowly, but irreversible, stone disappear. To ensure the transmission of this legacy to future generations, the preservation of this material is a matter of the utmost importance. Biofilms living at rock-atmosphere interface are heterologous, both in terms of the microbiome’s structure and composition whose ability to alter properties of the substratum is defined biodeterioration. In consequence to biological activity of microorganisms together with weathering, many cultural heritages made of stone may lose some of their cultural and monetary value. The present work contributes to a deeper understanding on eco- physiological and structural strategies of microbial biofilm involved in deterioration of stone surfaces aimed to develop safer options for preventing and treating stone deterioration. In order to improve our knowledge of the role of microorganisms in the colonisation of stone heritage, an ex-situ collection has been created with the aim of serving as a bioresource center for the study of biodeterioration. The importance of maintaining a broad range of taxa in collections for ex-situ conservation accessible to researchers prompted us to perform a survey campaign along the UNESCO archaeological remains of Campania, namely Cuma, Ercolano, Nola, Oplonti, and Pompei. In a series of in vitro colonisation experiments, the early colonisation of stone by three main groups of microorganisms (algae, fungi, cyanobacteria) was tested and monitored for a relative short-term period. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and computer image analysis it has been possible to depict fine structure and architecture of the studied microorganisms, in a controlled environment where the realistic conditions of the respective sampling points have been reproduced. Finally, the antimicrobial ability of two fungal metabolites was assessed to allow better conservation of works of art and to ensure suitable conditions for their conservation and their ecotoxicological characteristics were then evaluated. This work opening the way for further research in the challenging field of cultural heritage conservation suitable for their conservation control that is respectful of the uniqueness of each artwork.

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